Dinamika dan Tingkat Pemulihan Kinerja Hotel Bintang di Pulau Jawa Sebelum, Saat, dan Setelah Pandemi COVID-19 Periode 2018-2025
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika dan tingkat pemulihan kinerja hotel bintang di enam provinsi Pulau Jawa selama 2018-2025. Pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-komparatif diterapkan pada data sekunder Badan Pusat Statistik yang mencakup DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, DI Yogyakarta, Jawa Timur, dan Banten. Dataset berbentuk panel sederhana dengan 48 observasi provinsi-tahun. Kinerja operasional diukur melalui jumlah tamu, tingkat penghunian kamar, dan rata-rata lama menginap. Analisis meliputi statistik deskriptif, pertumbuhan tahunan, compound annual growth rate, indeks pemulihan 2025 terhadap 2019, serta uji Friedman sebagai analisis tambahan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada 2020 jumlah tamu menurun 52,93% dan rata-rata tingkat penghunian kamar turun 35,51% dibandingkan 2019, sedangkan rata-rata lama menginap meningkat 5,90%. Pada 2025, seluruh provinsi telah mencatat jumlah tamu lebih tinggi daripada 2019 dengan indeks pemulihan agregat 111,73. Namun, indeks pemulihan tingkat penghunian kamar baru mencapai 92,48 dan rata-rata lama menginap 95,08. Banten menjadi satu-satunya provinsi yang melampaui kondisi 2019 pada ketiga indikator. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemulihan hotel bintang di Pulau Jawa berlangsung tidak merata dan lebih kuat pada dimensi volume tamu dibandingkan pemanfaatan kapasitas kamar serta durasi menginap. Evaluasi pemulihan karena itu perlu menggunakan beberapa indikator secara simultan.
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