Peran Sektor Pertanian, Industri dan Jasa Terhadap Gross Domestic Product dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia
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Abstract
Keberhasilan pembanguunan ekonomi tidak hanya diukur melalui pertumbuhan Gross Domestic Product (GDP), tetapi juga melalui kemampuan menciptakan kesempatan kerja yang produktif. Dalam proses tersebut, transformasi struktural ditandai dengan perubahan kontribusi sektor pertanian, industri, dan jasa terhadap GDP dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan sektor pertanian, industri, jasa, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), dan penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia periode 1990–2024 serta peranan ketiga sektor menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan Shift Share berdasarkan data World Bank. Rata-rata pertumbuhan pertanian sebesar 7,57%, industri 9,33%, jasa 10,04%, GDP 9,43%, dan tenaga kerja 1,81% per tahun. Hasil Shift Share terhadap GDP menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada industri sebesar 138,55, diikuti jasa 127,12 dan pertanian 36,99. Sementara itu, nilai Shift Share penyerapan tenaga kerja negatif pada pertanian (-107,26), jasa (-36,00), dan industri (-17,73). Hasil ini menunjukkan pentingnya penguatan produktivitas, investasi, teknologi, hilirisasi, serta kualitas tenaga kerja untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi dan perluasan kesempatan kerja di Indonesia.
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